分布式之一行代码解决缓存击穿问题
如果你用了mysql的读写分离架构怎么办？
ok，在这种情况下，造成数据不一致的原因如下，还是两个请求，一个请求A进行更新操作，另一个请求B进行查询操作。
（1）请求A进行写操作，删除缓存
（2）请求A将数据写入数据库了，
（3）请求B查询缓存发现，缓存没有值
（4）请求B去从库查询，这时，还没有完成主从同步，因此查询到的是旧值
（5）请求B将旧值写入缓存
（6）数据库完成主从同步，从库变为新值
上述情形，就是数据不一致的原因。还是使用双删延时策略。只是，睡眠时间修改为在主从同步的延时时间基础上，加几百ms。
采用这种同步淘汰策略，吞吐量降低怎么办？
ok，那就将第二次删除作为异步的。自己起一个线程，异步删除。这样，写的请求就不用沉睡一段时间后了，再返回。这么做，加大吞吐量。
第二次删除,如果删除失败怎么办？
这是个非常好的问题，因为第二次删除失败，就会出现如下情形。还是有两个请求，一个请求A进行更新操作，另一个请求B进行查询操作，为了方便，假设是单库：
（1）请求A进行写操作，删除缓存
（2）请求B查询发现缓存不存在
（3）请求B去数据库查询得到旧值
（4）请求B将旧值写入缓存
（5）请求A将新值写入数据库
（6）请求A试图去删除请求B写入对缓存值，结果失败了。
ok,这也就是说。如果第二次删除缓存失败，会再次出现缓存和数据库不一致的问题。
如何解决呢？
具体解决方案，且看博主对第(3)种更新策略的解析。
(3)先更新数据库，再删缓存
首先，先说一下。老外提出了一个缓存更新套路，名为《Cache-Aside pattern》。其中就指出
失效：应用程序先从cache取数据，没有得到，则从数据库中取数据，成功后，放到缓存中。
命中：应用程序从cache中取数据，取到后返回。
更新：先把数据存到数据库中，成功后，再让缓存失效。
另外，知名社交网站facebook也在论文《Scaling Memcache at Facebook》中提出，他们用的也是先更新数据库，再删缓存的策略。
这种情况不存在并发问题么？
不是的。假设这会有两个请求，一个请求A做查询操作，一个请求B做更新操作，那么会有如下情形产生
（1）缓存刚好失效
（2）请求A查询数据库，得一个旧值
（3）请求B将新值写入数据库
（4）请求B删除缓存
（5）请求A将查到的旧值写入缓存
ok，如果发生上述情况，确实是会发生脏数据。
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